Research presented by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) indicated that male sub-fertility is more prevalent then before.

There were more ICSI cycles performed in 2002 52% in comparison to 43% in 1997. Dr. Anderson suggested that the pollutants in the environment are factors that disrupt the endocrine system leading to sub optimal sperm. He also suggested that more clinics are using ICSI to improve the ‘take home’ baby rate, although both IVF and ICSI have the same ‘take home’ baby rate.